📄️ variables and arguments
assignment
📄️ conditionals
📄️ exit codes
📄️ pipes and filters
📄️ loops
📄️ functions
📄️ defensive scripting
📄️ logging and visibility
📄️ filesystem operations
filenames, wildcards, & pathname expansion
📄️ ssh + remote executions
📄️ input / output
- file I/O takes a form of stream of bytes